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Dan John · 3 个问答

怎样在不磨掉热情的情况下学会耐心推进?

Dan John

Dan John

力量与体能教练、教师、作者

人物简介

Dan John(丹·约翰)是力量与体能教练、教师和作者,长期参与训练、比赛与教学。他的著作包括《Never Let Go》《Mass Made Simple》和《Intervention》,分别记录训练与学习的思考、介绍增肌计划,并讨论怎样根据训练者的情况作出安排。课堂教学和运动训练,都是他长期投入的工作。 他归纳并推广了五类基本动作框架:推、拉、髋铰链、蹲和负重行走。

图片来源:On Target Publications 官方作者页

面对急着进步的年轻训练者,教练怎样帮助他学会耐心,又不磨掉他的热情?Dan John 从课堂和训练房里的日常讲起:学生怎样赶来训练,教练怎样兼顾一个人想做的事与需要做的事,又怎样面对年轻运动员急着进步的心情。这三段回答,谈的是训练安排背后教与学的过程。

以下为书面问答的中文翻译。导语与人物简介为编辑文字;回答保留受访者的观点。

01教练能从课堂学到什么?

问:教书的经历,让你对如何帮助人们在训练房里学习,有了哪些认识?有没有哪个学生或某个时刻,让你印象很深?

Dan John:

教育的第一课是“到场”。如果你不听课、不做该做的功课,也不把学到的概念用起来,就没有什么魔法能让你学会。

到了训练房,你也得到场。这没什么好意外的。我最好的学生、最好的运动员,很少缺席训练;即使缺席,我也知道。Paul Northway 是一位出色的铁饼运动员,他常常由父母开车送来训练。如果他们没法送,他就坐公交。有时公交不方便,他就骑很久的自行车赶来训练。

秘诀就在这里:到场。

课堂还让我认识到重复的重要。学习课堂上的材料,要用不同的方法,也要重复、重复、再重复。同样,这没什么秘密。所以在教学中,我们会用歌曲、吟诵、美术、图像、表演,以及各种其他工具,一遍遍回到那些最基础、最根本的关键点上。

又一个秘诀!

我们这些美式橄榄球教练,经常拿所谓的“高年级的夏天”(Senior Summer)开玩笑。一个孩子,原先连我们训练体系中最基本的东西都记不住、跟不上。有一天,他却可能在走廊里拦住教练,把整套进攻或防守体系讲得头头是道。把所有部分拼到一起,大约需要三四年,着急催是没用的。

译注

“Senior Summer”暂译为“高年级的夏天”。Dan 没有进一步说明具体年级;这里的“三四年”说的是他举的教学例子。

02哪些要改,哪些可以保留?

问:要让一个简单的力量计划适合眼前这个人,你怎么判断哪些需要改、哪些可以保留?

Dan John:

这个问题,我写过一整本书,或者说两本。大多数人“需要”的,通常是改善身体成分、活动度和力量。这就是为什么我总把一个负重练习和一个活动度动作配在一起,不过我们先别讲得太远。

大多数美国男性想要粗壮的手臂。他们大概需要的是减一减腰围,可他们想做的是卧推和弯举。顺便说一句,我通常不会给男性安排卧推或弯举,因为我知道他们反正都会自己做。

可是,他们就是想做!他们需要活动度,需要调整热量摄入,也需要做一些臀部、腹部以及过顶动作的训练。所以,满足他们想要的,再给他们需要的。

对许多女性来说,她们想做的是腹部训练和拉伸。一个女性花一小时练腹部、做芭蕾把杆拉伸,并不罕见。不过,大多数人需要的是力量训练。还是那句话:满足她们想要的,再给她们需要的。

译注

这里关于男性、女性训练偏好和需求的说法,是 Dan 的经验性概括,不能据此直接判断某个训练者的需要。

03怎样帮助年轻人保持耐心?

问:面对一个很想进步的年轻训练者,你怎么帮他学会耐心,又不打消他的热情?

Dan John:

我经常用“一点点推进”(nudge)这个说法。我喜欢让减脂的客户一点点把体重降下来,让力量训练者一点点把杠铃重量加上去。

这样很好。

只是,很多年轻人恨不得昨天就已经拥有一切。我知道……我自己当年就是其中一个!所以,你要做的,就是不断把注意力放回全局……放到八年以后。

我的运动员都是战士,只想冲出去干。我需要退后一步,更像一个国王:我要同时留意过去、现在和未来。

某种程度上,运动员和教练看同一天的训练计划,想的完全不同。我想的是长远,运动员想的是接下来的十分钟!

坦白说,我能做的大概也就这些。我让他们过度训练、做太多热身,在那些不重要的比赛里干各种傻事。在赛季初的比赛中,不管是在投掷圈、运动场还是各类球场上遭遇失败,都是很好的教学时机。我不会咄咄逼人,也不会说“我早就告诉过你”。

我们始终在谈怎样做得更好。时间久了,不断做得更好就成了过程本身。而这个过程,始终是成功的关键。

译注

原文为 overtrain,照译为“过度训练”。Dan 未说明负荷、持续时间或恢复情况,不能据此认定为过度训练综合征。

英文原答
1. What has teaching in a classroom taught you about helping people learn in the weight room? If a particular student or moment comes to mind, could you share it? The first lesson of education is “showing up.” If you are not listening to the lectures, doing the work, and applying the concepts, there is no magic wand to get you to learn. In the weight room, you have to, and this is no shock, show up. My best students, my best athletes, rarely missed a session and, if they did, I knew about it. Paul Northway, a great discus thrower, was often dropped off to practice by his mom or dad. If they couldn’t do it, he took the bus. Occasionally, the bus service wasn’t adequate and he would ride his bike, quite a while, to show up. There’s your secret: show up. The next classroom insight was repetitions. You need to work on the academic materials in a variety of ways but continue to repeat, repeat, repeat. Again, no secret. That’s why in education, we use songs, chants, art, visuals, shows, and all kinds of other tools to just keep getting back to the foundational fundamental key points. Another secret! We often joke as American football coaches about something called the “Senior Summer.” The same kid who couldn’t remember or follow along the most basic points of our program might stop a coach in the hallway and then explain, at a brilliant level, the whole offense or defense. It takes about three or four years to put all the pieces together and it doesn’t work to rush it. 2. When adapting a simple strength program to an individual, how do you decide what actually needs changing and what can stay the same? I have a whole book, or two, on this. What most people “need,” is usually body composition work, mobility, and strength. That’s why I always pair a lift with a mobility move, but let’s not get too far ahead. Most American men want big arms. They probably need to get a smaller waistline, but they WANT to bench press and curl. Generally, by the way, I don’t program benches or curls for men as I know they will do them anyway. But, they want to! They need mobility, they need caloric intervention, and they need some work on the glutes, abs, and overhead work. So, grant them what they want and give them what they need. For many women, it’s abs and stretching. It’s not unusual for a woman to do an hour of ab work and ballet barre stretches. However, most need strength work. Again, grant them what they want and give them what they need. 3. How do you help an ambitious young lifter develop patience without taking away their enthusiasm? I use the term “nudge” a lot. I like fat loss clients to nudge their way down the scale and lifters to nudge the weight on the bar. And that is great. Except that many kids want to have everything yesterday. I know…I was one of them! So, what you do is constantly focus on the Big Picture…eight years down the line. My athletes are warriors and just want to get out there and go. I need to sit back and be more like a king: I need to keep an eye on the past, the present, and the future. In a sense, the athlete and coach have a completely different vision of a day’s training plan. I’m thinking long-term, the athlete is thinking about the next ten minutes! Honestly, that’s about as good as I can do. I let them overtrain, take too many warm ups, and do all kinds of dumb things during the unimportant competitions. Failure in the ring, field, pitch, or court in an early season competition is a great moment to teach. I am not aggressive and there are no mentions of “I told you so.” It’s always about a “better” way. Over time, better becomes the process. And the process is always the key to success.
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