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Mike Tuchscherer · 3 个问答

一次训练状态很好,或者一个训练阶段进步了,足以说明这套安排适合我吗?

Mike Tuchscherer

Mike Tuchscherer

RTS 创始人、主教练;Emerging Strategies 框架创立者

人物简介

Mike Tuchscherer 是 RTS 的创始人与主教练,从 2004 年开始执教。他在自己的训练手册中介绍了 RPE 在力量训练中的应用;2016 年起,他开始发展 Emerging Strategies 框架,通过持续观察运动员的训练反应,寻找更适合个人的安排。他的教学也关注训练指标与训练决策。

图片来源:Reactive Training Systems 官方人物页

一次好表现能说明多少?当表现继续提高、恢复负担也在增加时,又该怎样决定是否调整?Mike Tuchscherer 的这次书面回复很简短。他把判断依据放在多轮训练阶段回顾上,并用 Brett Gibbs 备战 2018 年世锦赛的经历,说明个体反应怎样改变原本的预期。谈到疲劳时,他也保留了可能受伤这一例外。

以下为书面问答的中文翻译。导语与人物简介为编辑文字;回答保留受访者的观点。

01怎样判断一种安排适合这个人?

问:Emerging Strategies 强调从运动员的反应中学习。在判断某种安排确实适合这位运动员,而不只是日常状态波动之前,你会看哪些证据?

Mike Tuchscherer:

我们永远无法完全确定,但随着证据增多,确定程度会提高。我们会看训练阶段回顾的结果。如果只有一个阶段给出了积极信号,那么证据还不够强,我们也不应该太过确定。但如果好几个阶段的回顾都指向同一个方向,那就有了强得多的支持。

02什么样的反应,让你改变了看法?

问:在发展 Emerging Strategies 的过程中,有没有哪位运动员的反应,让你改变了一条原本深信的训练原则?是什么促使你重新考虑?

Mike Tuchscherer:

有,很多次。运动员往往会有某个具体细节需要调整,才能让计划最适合他们。最广为人知的例子,大概是我帮助 Brett Gibbs 准备 2018 年世锦赛的那次经历。

他的硬拉尤其适合较低强度的训练,所以随着比赛临近,他硬拉训练的平均重量实际上越来越轻。这种安排的效果非常好,他在三个项目上都非常成功地调出了比赛状态。他创造了总成绩世界纪录,当时也是总成绩达到体重十倍的选手中体重最重的一位。而带他达到这一水平的训练——至少是硬拉训练——是我事先绝不会想到的。

类似的例子还有很多:有些选手用每组六次的训练调状态效果最好,有些需要高频率,也有些需要低频率。没有哪个选手在所有方面都刚好处于平均水平。

译注

资料核对:IPF 2018 年官方排名记录了 Gibbs 以 82.62 公斤体重取得 830.5 公斤总成绩,约为体重的 10.05 倍。“当时最重”及世界纪录的表述保留为 Mike 的回忆;原回答未限定比较范围。

03表现和疲劳,应该怎样一起看?

问:你曾写过,疲劳与某一天的表现并不总是一致。如果运动员的表现还在提高,但恢复需求也在增加,你会怎样判断这种安排值得继续,还是需要调整?

Mike Tuchscherer:

始终记住我们的目标。我们的目标是提高单次最大力量(1RM)。只要它还在提高,我们就继续。唯一的例外,是选手可能会受伤的情况。通常,一般性的疲劳并不预示这种情况。疲劳仍然可能是重要信息,但我们不会只凭疲劳来做决定。

英文原答
1. Emerging Strategies emphasizes learning from an athlete’s response. What evidence do you look for before concluding that a particular approach genuinely suits that athlete, rather than reflecting day-to-day fluctuations? 2. While developing Emerging Strategies, was there an athlete whose response led you to change a training principle you had strongly believed in? What convinced you to reconsider it? 3. You’ve written that fatigue and performance on a given day don’t always line up. If an athlete’s performance is still improving but the recovery demands are also increasing, how do you decide whether the approach is worth continuing or needs adjusting? 1) We are never completely certain, but our certainty increases with more evidence. We look at the results of the block review. If only one block gives a positive indication, then the evidence is not very strong and we should not be very certain. But if we have several block reviews pointing in the same direction, that's much stronger support. 2) Yes, many times. Athletes often will have some specific detail that must be changed to make the program fit them best. Probably my most famous example is when I prepared Brett Gibbs for the 2018 World Championships. His deadlift in particular responded best to lower intensity work, so his deadlift training actually got lighter on average as the competition drew near. This worked beautifully as he peaked all 3 lifts extremely well. He set a world record in the total and at the time was the heaviest lifter to total 10x bodyweight. And the training that got him there (at least his deadlift) I would have never guessed. There have been many other such cases of lifters who peak best with 6 rep sets or need high frequencies. Or low frequencies. No lifter is average in everything. 3. Always keep the goal the goal. Our goal is to improve the 1RM strength. As long as that goes up, we keep going. The only exceptions would be for situations where a lifter might become injured. Usually general fatigue is not such an indicator. It may still be important information, but we don't let fatigue make decisions on its own.
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